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Author: WCM Staff Created: 4/21/2006 11:13 AM
Weed woes

Three recent events trigger this article. First, a call from a landowner with significant concerns after watching a herbicide application with winds alleged at 20 mph blowing towards their berry crop. Second, yesterday’s wind that was gusting well over 20 mph and preventing herbicide applications at a time when we need to spray our trials just like many custom applicators and growers who need to spray corn fields. Third, a call asking about the risk of dew affecting glyphosate performance if spraying in early mornings to avoid the wind.

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The heavy rains that many fields received will raise a few key questions regarding herbicide performance and replant considerations. A major question with preemergence corn and soybean herbicides is if the heavy rains leached the herbicide out of the upper soil profile.

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While volunteer corn has been a “weed” in soybean fields ever since corn fields have been rotated to soybeans, we have not thought much about volunteer corn with Roundup Ready soybeans. Prior to significant adoption of glyphosate-resistant (e.g. Roundup Ready) corn, any volunteer corn would easily be controlled in soybeans when glyphosate was applied.

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Despite the fact that corn has struggled with this spring’s cold weather, it eventually will start growing once we get some heat. As corn and weeds start to grow more rapidly, it’s important to keep track of the right timing to apply herbicides if using a postemergence herbicide.

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What is the best timing to control weeds with a herbicide in corn? Does your answer change if question #1 is changed to “What is the best timing to manage weeds in corn?”

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Successful preemergence corn herbicide programs require two key components. First, the programs need dry weather (with limited wind) in order to have the preemergence herbicides applied. Second, the programs generally need 0.5 to 1 inch of rainfall to activate the herbicide after the application, which moves the herbicide from the soil surface into the zone where weeds are germinating.

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The potential for crop injury from herbicide contaminated sprayers is generally greatest with postemergence applications. Without proper clean out of sprayers, herbicide residues from one spray load can contaminate the next load and injury a sensitive crop. This is logical because the spray is making direct contact with the crops and is not being diluted with soil as with preemergence applications. Also, postemergence herbicides obviously have foliar activity, which may not be the case with all of the preemergence herbicides.

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Why is it that crops are not harmed by herbicides? The simple explanation is that some plants are able to metabolize (or detoxify) the herbicide into non-toxic chemicals before they damage the plant. However, before the discussion continues about metabolism, a quick review about herbicide mode of action is justified.

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Due to the uniqueness in managing CRP fields, we have developed specific factsheets to help in developing management plans for these listed species in CRP fields (see links).

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Within this guide is an overview of the various methods of management available for woody species including cultural, mechanical, and herbicidal techniques. In addition, this document summarizes information on the effectiveness of application methods with specific herbicides on common brush species of Wisconsin.

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Despite the recent snow for some, cold weather, and wet fields, weeds are still germinating and emerging. However, pressure may mount to plant corn or soybeans without controlling these weeds first.

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Considering the cost of nitrogen, we can ill afford to allow weeds to use this expensive input. We conducted an experiment for the past 2 years that provided results that truly surprised us in regard to weeds and nitrogen. Basically, we confirmed that weeds are highly effective consumers of nitrogen.

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Cadet is a new postemergence broadleaf herbicide for use in corn and soybeans from FMC. Authority Assist is a premix for preemergence broadleaf weed control in soybean.

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A supplemental label for Callisto has been posted on CDMS that allows preemergence or postemergence applications for broadleaf weed control in oats.

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